UNRIPE PLANTAIN FLOUR: UNTAPPED GOLDMINE?

on January 2, 2026 by PRINCE

I would die on the hill that God placed all we need for a healthful life in the food he gave us, but we somehow derailed unto the belief that we can ultra processed our meals and still enjoy a long and healthy one. I was at a store today to do a little shopping when I saw a woman come in to get packaged unripe plantain flour. I casually asked her what for and she told me her mother suffered from diabetes and had this recommendation from a friend. I did not bother to ask what qualifications this friend had but made a resolve to get a clearer understanding of what properties unripe plantain flour could contain that makes it a workable substitute to the conventional wheat flour for diabetics. Y’all know I am not one to hoard, so here you go:

1.) First and foremost, unripe plantain is essentially composed of unrefined carbohydrates (complex sugars). These complex carbohydrates ensure a slow and sustained release of energy into the blood stream, reducing glycemic excursions and preventing hyperglycemia.

2.) Unripe plantains are rich in dietary fiber (about 4g per cup) which adds bulk to stool, reduces the risk of constipation and binds to sugars and carcinogens in the G.I.T and disposing of them through feces.

3.) They contain no GLUTEN, an allergen which could cause reactions in those who are unable to consume wheat containing meals and food products.

4.) Plantains in general are famed to be diuretics which can prevent kidney and bladder problems and also rescue people from fluid retention (edema).

5.) They are good sources of vitamin C, B-complex vitamins (particularly B6) and minerals such as magnesium, zinc, manganese, potassium and a modest amount of iron (1.64mg per 100g). A study conducted at the Abia State University, Uturu noted that unripe plantain flour contained a higher amount of the aforementioned minerals than when ripened. Now, heart diseases are a well known complication of diabetes and these minerals are heart healthy.

6.) Diabetes is a comorbidity of obesity. It has been shown that weight loss reduced A1C in diabetic patients by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing LDL and Trig levels. The dietary fiber and complex carbohydrate content of unripe plantains induce satiety and ensures glycemic stability which lead to weight loss in the long run.

7.) Unripe plantain flour contains phytochemicals such as tannins, saponins, alkaloids, and flavonoids. These phytochemicals act as antioxidants which scavenge free radicals and prevent the onset of cancer and other inflammatory conditions in the long run. Alkaloids, also found in morphine, coffee and nicotine have been used by naturopaths to reduce fever and relieve pain.

Other reasons to indulge include:

1.) Plantains have more vitamin C than bananas. Consumption of foods rich in vitamin-C helps the body develop resistance against infectious agents and scavenge harmful oxygen-free radicals.

2.) Plantains have more vitamin A than bananas. In addition to being a powerful antioxidant, vitamin A plays a vital role in the visual cycle, maintaining healthy mucus membranes, and enhancing skin complexion.

3.) As in bananas, they too are rich sources of B-complex vitamins, particularly high in vitamin-B6 (pyridoxine). Pyridoxine is an important B-complex vitamin which plays a beneficial role in the treatment of neuritis, anemia, and decreases homocysteine (one of the causative factors for coronary artery disease (CHD) and stroke episodes) levels in the body.

4.) Plantains also contain folates, niacin, riboflavin and thiamin. Folates (folic acid) are essential for healthy pregnancy.

5.) It has also been said that unripe plantains ease the discomfort associated with painful menstrual period, although high quality studies are needed to prove this claim.

How to Make Unripe Plantain Flour:

-To make Plantain flour, simply dehydrate (or sun dry) raw unripe plantains, mill and sieve into a powder. Prepare the same way as semolina (use less water).

I’m not giving wheat flour a bad rap; it definitely does have its attractions as well. I’m just providing a substitute, an alternate; probably an even healthier one to wheat flour.

Alright, have a wonderful day!

GENERAL RESEARCH LIFESTYLE

ZOBO: OUR AFRICAN CHAMPAGNE

on January 1, 2026 by PRINCE

Happy new year, smellos! Glad we made it into 2026. To usher us into this wonderful new year, I thought I would do a piece on the hibiscus flower drink, which we Nigerians colloquially call zobo. I would cap this piece with a lovely recipe for you to try, so look forward to that.

Roselle (Hibiscus) has been used in folk medicine as a diuretic and mild laxative, as well as in treating cancer and cardiac and nerve diseases. Although information is limited, the potential for hibiscus use in treating hypertension and cancer, as well as for its lipid-lowering and renal effects, are being investigated.

Hibiscus flower is high in calcium, niacin, riboflavin, vitamin C and iron. The beverage has no caffeine. In East Africa, “Sudan tea” is consumed as medicine to cure coughs. In Guatamala, roselle is believed to cure hangovers. In Senegal, a roselle extract is said to lower blood pressure. In India, Africa and Central America, infusions made from roselle calyces or seeds are prescribed as a diuretic, to stimulate bile production and to treat fever.

Now, What’s New?

Zobo drink has been described as a local drink that helps in lowering blood pressure as it contains an enzyme inhibitor which blocks the production of Amylase. Amylase is an enzyme that breaks down complex sugars and starches. Drinking a cup of hibiscus tea or zobo after meals is said to reduce the absorption of dietary carbohydrates and assist in weight loss. Further, this rich red rider is rich in Vitamin C and makes a wonderful herbal remedy to fight off colds and infections.

In addition, hibiscus tea helps to prevent kidney stones, according to a study reported in the May 2008 issue of The Journal of Ethnopharmacology. The study showed that hibiscus tea improved the kidney’s ability to filter out the waste product — uric acid and oxalic acid, both of which can form kidney stones if they accumulate to excessively high levels.

In addition to its natural blessedness, fermentation is a process zobo passes through and this introduces microorganisms which process the original product to churn out more nutrients and phytochemicals which nourish the body.

A Word of Caution: Please Do Not Drink a Drum of The Thing!

However, although hibiscus seems to be safe for most people, research findings show that it is unsafe to take during pregnancy and breastfeeding. Although previous studies suggested that it could cause kidney stones in people who are not well hydrated, a more recent study conducted at the Nnamdi Azikiwe University did not find any deleterious effect of hibiscus extract on the kidneys.

Here’s a Quick Recipe on how to Prepare a Healthful and Delicious Jug of Zobo Drink:

Ingredients:

• 150g Zobo leaves

• 7 Liters water

• 30g Dry ginger or Fresh ginger

• 3 tbsps. Cloves a.k.a Konofiri

• 1 Large Pineapple

• Artificial flavors and sweeteners such as (foster Clark’s Pineapple flavor, jolly juice e.t.c) -Optional.

• Sugar Cane or Honey – Optional (You can substitute with Sugar).

Directions:

Step 1: Before peeling the pineapple, wash the skin thoroughly and rinse with clean water. You can use both the inner part and the outer skin to get added flavor. (P.S: Use the skin only if you are sure of how it was stored or if it’s been thoroughly washed.) Peel and Dice the fruit – Set aside

Step 2: Wash the dry leaves of the hibiscus severally with cold water. This is because the leaves are often times dirty due to the way they are stored. Once you’re done washing, place the washed leaves in a large pot and add the water and turn on your burner.

Step 3: Add the chunks of pineapple, ginger and Cloves (Konofiri). The taste of the zobo really intensifies when it’s boiled with the ingredients unlike when its left to steep. Leave to boil for about 25mins.

Step 4: Sieve out the extract into a bowl and leave the drink to cool. The boiled leaves in the pot can still be reused till the red color of the zobo totally reduces. You’d know when the red color becomes less intense.

Step 5: This is supposed to be a health drink so i ensure i use only natural sweeteners and flavors like honey, sugar cane juice, pineapple juice etc. Alternatively if you don’t have the natural juices, you can substitute with Artificial flavors and sweeteners such as Foster clarks flavor, Nutri C, jolly juice e.t.c.

Step 6: Refrigerate and serve cold.

GENERAL RESEARCH

UDARA: THE STAR OF AFRICAN FRUITS!

on December 31, 2025 by PRINCE

Yaaay! It is Udara season. Saw the bright yellow delight today in the fridge at home and I simply couldn’t contain myself! I sprang one open and dug my teeth into the white, gummy creamy liquid and relished every second of it. Suckling on the seeds and stripping them of their fibrous clothing. But this sweet fruit is not just a beauty to the mouth, it is also a delight to the body. Check it out.

For thise who do not know, udara is Gambeya albida (commonly known as white star apple), is a forest fruit tree commonly found throughout tropical and subsaharan Africa. The fruit is closely related to the African star apple (Gambeya africana) which is also common throughout Western parts of Africa. It is known as udara to the igbo people of Nigeria, and agbalumo to the Yorubas’.

Good! We are done with the introduction, let us get into the quick and dirty of its benefits.

1.) Star apples serve as a good source of calcium, with each serving providing you with 10 percent of the amount you require each day. The calcium lends strength to your bones and teeth, and it may also lessen symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, such as cramping and abdominal bloating. This fruit also contains 5 percent of the daily recommended value per serving of vitamin C and vitamin A. Additionally, one serving of star apples serves up 2 % of the iron required per day.

2.) Star apples may have particular benefits for diabetics. Research published in the September 2009 edition of the “African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology” indicates that the leaves of this fruit may reduce glucose levels in diabetic rabbits, the same function that insulin serves. Take note, however, that consuming star apple leaves appears to have a toxic affect when eaten in large quantities. More research is needed to determine the effectiveness of star apple leaves to control diabetes in humans according to Professor Ignatius Onimawo, a Professor of Nutritional Biochemistry.

3.) Previous studies indicate that the roots, barks and leaves of agbalumo have been employed in folk medicine for the treatment of diseases. The bark is used for the treatment of yellow fever and malaria, while the leaf is used as an emollient and for the treatment of skin issues, stomachache and diarrhea. The cotyledons from the seeds of agbalumo are used as ointments in the treatment of vaginal and dermatological infections in Western Nigeria.

4.) Methanolic extract of the cotyledons from the seeds of the fruit led to the isolation of eleagnine, tetrahydro- 2 -methylharman and skatole. Eleagnine was found to be the main compound responsible for its antimicrobial activity. The antimicrobial properties of the plant could be attributed to the presence of tannin, anthraquinone and cardiac glycosides. Eleagnine was further shown to exhibit anti-nociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities.

5.) Extracts of the udara leaf was found to possess anti-platelet and hypoglycemic (lowers blood sugar) properties and might be employed in the management of myocardial infarction (heart attack) and diabetes mellitus, respectively. Further investigation is needed to establish the anti-platelet property of the extract.

6.) Researchers note that: “Biological actions are primarily due to the presence of phytochemicals in a very complicated concert of synergistic or antagonistic activities. Mixtures of such chemicals show a broad spectrum of biological effects and pharmacological properties”.

This rich, creamy fruit may also be the missing elixir you did not know you needed for your morning smoothie. Its yellow, delectable nectar providing just the perfect kick of phytochemicals and vitamins you need to get your day started.

Now you have enough reason to convince yourself to indulge in the Christmas delight. But don’t forget to be careful as the juice could leave nasty residue on the lips and mouth and it’s juice stains white fabric virtually irredeemably!

LIFESTYLE WOMEN’S HEALTH

PEANUTS AND BEAUTY

on December 30, 2025 by PRINCE

Apart from satisfying hunger pangs, consumption of peanuts may also smoothen make the skin, ensuring a supple and younger looking dermis.

Okay, okay.. before you crucify me with chants of “Groundnuts cause pimples”, let me address that issue first:

Ground nuts, if excessively consumed can cause acne and pimples. They contain fatty acids which enter the sebum of blocked sebaceous glands and trigger inflammation of these glands, causing pimples. Further, peanuts contain certain androgen-like compounds which may contribute to acne, especially in people who are sensitive to these hormones.

Pheww, now we’ve got that out of the way, to the business of the day:

1.) The. Anti-inflammatory properties of peanuts treat skin disorders like psoriasis and eczema. The fatty acids present in peanuts also reduce swelling and redness. It contains Vitamin E, Zinc and Magnesium whicch keeps the skin glowing from within and fights bacteria which leads to acne. The protein in peanuts also help with cell regeneration.

2.) Peanuts contain a relatively good amount of fatty acids which is believed to be crucial to the brains nerve cells. This brain friendly cell helps with stress management and mood swings to prevent various skin disorders like wrinkles and dullness.

3.) Also, the fibers in Groundnuts is essential for the elimination of waste and toxins. Toxins in the body reflect on the outside causing excess oil, dullness and breakouts. Peanuts help in flushing out these toxins and maintaining a healthy skin.

4.) Peanuts are packed with magnesium which helps in calming our nerves and blood vessels, thereby providing better blood flow to the skin, making it healthy and beautiful.

5.) Vitamin E in peanuts help to defend the skin cells against oxidation and free radical damage. It guards the skin agains UV ray damage from the sun.

6.) Vitamin C is contained in peanuts in moderate amount which helps in production of collagen. Collagen provides the skin with elasticity, preventing wrinkles, stretch marks and discoloration. It sustains tendons, skin and cartilage.

7.) Beta carotene found in peanuts are converted to vitamin A which helps in the growth and repair of body tissues. Therefore, peanuts help in faster healing of wounds and bruises.

8.) They are packed with omega-3 fatty acids which modulate inflammatory response on the skin and eruptions. Further, these unsaturated fatty acids also lower the risk of developing squamous cell skin cancer by destroying free radicals which can “go crazy” and eventually lead to cancer. Finally, these oils moisturize and hydrates the skin from within to treat dry and scaly skin!

Lol, I don’t advocate over-indulgence; too much of everything is bad, especially if you are trying to lose weight. A serving portion twice or thrice a week would provide you with all you need to stay young, fresh and beautiful.

Shine on, people!

LIFESTYLE

TYPHOID FEVER HOME REMEDIES

on December 29, 2025 by PRINCE

Scientists have suggested that pawpaw leaves may serve as a cheap source of antimicrobial compound for the treatment of typhoid fever.

In a study, which looked at the effects of its extracts on germs that cause typhoid fever, the scientists corroborated the antibacterial effect of water and methanol extracts of pawpaw leaves against Salmonella typhi, the causative agent of typhoid fever. Findings are summarized below.

An Overview of Typhoid Fever:

Typhoid fever, also known simply as typhoid, is a common worldwide bacterial disease transmitted by the ingestion of food or water contaminated with the faeces of an infected person, which contain the bacterium Salmonella typhi.

The bacteria that cause typhoid fever spread through contaminated food, drink, or water. The germs after having access into the body travel into the intestines and then into the bloodstream, where they can get to the lymph nodes, gallbladder, liver, spleen, and other parts of the body. A few people can become carriers of Salmonella typhi and continue to release the bacteria in their stools for years, spreading the disease.

Typhoid infection leads to symptoms such as headache, abdominal pain, fever and diarrhoea. The symptoms are alleviated with the help of antibiotic medications. Typhoid fever, in some cases, may result in serious life-threatening complications.

Currently, typhoid fever is a problem in the African continent with limited success of treatment with antimicrobial agents, thereby necessitating the search for other agents in form of herbal product for curing this disease.

Pawpaw leaf extract is used in treating malaria caused by the parasite, Plasmodium specie. It is one of the cheapest medicinal leaves that are easily found within the local environment, and its leaves are available all through the year.

In a study, the methanolic extracts of the plant showed the highest bactericidal effect on the test isolates at low concentration of 4.5mg/ml. Also, the ethanolic extracts of the leaves had a bactericidal effect on the test isolates at concentration of 6.0m/ml whereas the hot aqueous solution showed susceptibility at 9.0mg/ml.

The researchers, who found that the bacterium Salmonella typhi was only susceptible at higher concentrations, observed that the crude extracts of the plant contain active principles that inhibited the growth of the test organism.

Many medicinal plants have been reported to contain some active chemicals which are toxic and inhibitory to some micro-organism causing diseases in human. Traditional medicine has employed the use of lemon grass as a natural remedy to thyroid fever.

Called Kooko oba in Yorubaland, Isauri (in Hausa) and Acharaehi (in Igbo), lemon grass has been used for centuries for useful properties including antibacterial, antifungal and fever-reducing effects. In one test-tube investigation, published in the medical journal Microbios in 1996, researchers demonstrated that lemon grass was effective against 22 strains of bacteria and 12 types of fungi. Scientific research has also supported the herb’s reputation as an analgesic and sedative.

To treat typhoid fever, it is recommended that lemon grass leaf be boiled in water for about half an hour with whole lime, grape fruits, unripe pawpaw fruits, unripe pineapples, cut garlic and bark of Alstonia bonnei (awun in Yoruba; cheesewood/pattern wood in English).

In addition, peeled raw garlic, a natural antibiotic are suck like a lolly for 20 minutes or so. It is continued for days. If the clove is large, this could be cut it into small pieces.

Lemons and honey are also good natural remedies. The entire lemon or lime is squeezed and its juice is added to hot or cold water and honey to taste. Lemons and limes are natural disinfectants and will alkalize the intestine.

In recent past, Vitex doniana (root), Cassia tora (Leaf), Alstonia boonei (bark), Stachytarpheta jamaicensis (leaf), and pawpaw (leaf) have been claimed by traditional medical practitioners in Ebonyi State to be effective for the treatment of fevers, particularly typhoid fever.

Vitex doniana is commonly referred to as Black plum, dinya in hausa and ori nla in Yoruba. Cassia tora is called ochigichi in igbo and ako rere in Yoruba. Alstonia boonei is known as Ahun in Yoruba, Egbu-ora in Igbo and Ukhu in Edo. In Igbo, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis is referred to as Albaka.

In a study substantiating the efficacy of the recipe, the researchers reported that V. doniana, A. boonei, Cassia tora and S. jamaicensis showed anti-typhoid activity against S. typhi strains when these were tested at different rates. The ethanol extracts of V. doniana and A.boonei were the most active inhibiting 9(90 per cent) and 8(80 per cent) of test organism.

They wrote: “Our result showed that V. doniana and A. boonei showed the highest anti-typhoid activity with ethanol extract; A. boonei, S. jamaicensis and C. tora showed the highest activity with hot water extract and A. boonei, C. tora and V. doniana showed the same activity with cold water extract.

“In comparison with the control antibiotics (chloramphenicol and ciprofloxacin), the activity of V. doniana and A. boonei is the most encouraging among the plant extracts tested.

Writing in the 2011 edition of the African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, the researchers stated that “The result of the present investigation emphasizes the utility of V. doniana, A. boonei, S. jamaicensis and C. tora in the treatment of typhoid fever and the need to enhance its exploitation in this regard.

“Also the remarkable anti-typhoid activity observed with V. doniana and A. boonei is of particular urgent interest considering the rate of multi-drug resistance strains of S. typhi and the fact that typhoid fever ranks high as one of the most common ailments among all age groups in the under- developed countries.

GENERAL RESEARCH WOMEN’S HEALTH

NZU: BENEFITS AND RISKS

on December 28, 2025 by PRINCE

In Nigeria, pregnant and breast-feeding women patronize it the most. This edibla chalk, which is natural and made up of fossilized seashells, may be prepared artificially from clay and mud. This combination may then be mixed with other ingredients including sand, wood ash and sometimes salt. The resulting product is molded and then heated to produce the final product. Different names have been ascribed to this chalk depending on which part of the world it is found. It is known as La Craie or Argile in French, Nzu and Ndom by the Igbo and Efiks/Ibibios respectively of Nigeria, and Mabele by the Lingala of Congo. It is sold in blocks, pellets and powder forms. While not many people know this, local chalk is composed of Aluminum silicate hydroxide from the kaolin clay group with the possible formula: Al2 Si2 O5 OH4. This has been tested to contain lead and arsenic. Exposure to lead can result in a number of harmful effects, and a developing child is particularly at risk of effects on the brain and nervous system. Arsenic is a carcinogen, and excessive long-term exposure to it has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin.

Furthermore, a new study on Kenyan pregnant women’s eating habits shows that consumption of non-food items impacts on their children’s learning ability. The study shows a correlation between once bright children who later become underachievers in school, “yet they possess such great abilities and talents” and factors related to birth or pregnancy. Titled, Impact of “pica” (non-foods) practice among pregnant mothers on cognitive intelligence [learning ability] of the child, the study cautions against eating items that have no food value, which can later affect the full development and growth of the child. The research which is the first ever to be conducted in Kenya to ascertain effects of ‘pica’, (the practice by mothers to consume non-food items during pregnancy, such as soil, matches and chalk), shows up to 77.9 per cent of pregnant women in the country engage in the habit. The President of the African Council for Gifted and Talented , Humphrey Oborah called for enhanced education and sensitization to parents and teachers on the adverse effects of pica on overall health and growth.

The Texas Department of State Health Services and FDA notified healthcare professionals and consumers, especially pregnant or breastfeeding women, to avoid consuming a product called “Nzu”, taken as a traditional remedy for morning sickness, because of the potential health risks from high levels of lead and arsenic, noted on laboratory analysis by Texas DSHS. Exposure to lead can result in a number of harmful effects, and a developing child is particularly at risk of effects on the brain and nervous system. Arsenic is a carcinogen, and excessive long-term exposure to it has been associated with a range of adverse health effects, including cancers of the urinary bladder, lung and skin. Nzu, which is sold at African specialty stores is also called Calabash clay, Calabar stone, Mabele, Argile and La Craie. It generally resembles balls of clay or mud and is usually sold in small plastic bags with a handwritten label identifying it as “Nzu” or “Salted Nzu.”

Over-Looked Benefits of “Nzu”; Well, Cos it’s gotta DO SOMETHING.

Eating chalk is not recommended, but kaolin clay may have overlooked benefits. The digestive pharmaceutical Kaopectate was formulated using kaolinite as its main ingredient, to aid in suppressing diarrhea and reducing toxic effects in the digestive system. Similar to many pharmaceuticals, the same actions that may contribute to constipation and complications when taken in excess display therapeutic benefits when taken in times of need.

*Properties of Clay and Detoxification

Though the study of clay consumption has revealed the potential for digestive and nutritional benefits, scientists believe the most conclusive evidence points to detoxification as a primary benefit of clay eating throughout human history. Its use appears to be one borrowed from and shared by numerous animal species, attesting to its practice not as an anomaly or aberrant behavior but instead a true adaptive practice contributing to survival and evolution. One example from the animal kingdom is the use of clays by animal species that regularly scavenge for a wide variety of foods, often of varying toxicity. Researchers discovered that the ingestion of clays by such species, among them birds, parrots, rats and primates, enables a diverse diet without suffering the toxic effects of substances consumed. The chemical structure of earthen clays determines their suitability as a detoxicant. Their crystalline shape includes hexagonal networks of silicon-oxygen tetrahedrons, giving them a large surface area with which to bond with potential toxins. In addition, hydroxyl ions and colloidal properties within their structure promote the ability to bind and exchange metals as well as adsorb water and other organic compounds. In cultures across continents, anthropologists and mineralogists have documented and substantiated the use of clays to reduce bioavailability of plant toxins from foods and make them more edible. These practices are known to have been used by native cultures in present-day Bolivia, Peru and Arizona to eliminate the bitterness of wild potatoes and prevent stomach pains and vomiting, evidenced in the laboratory by the clay’s ability to adsorb glycoalkaloids found in the potato species.

LIFESTYLE

BODY ODOR: HOME REMEDIES

on December 27, 2025 by PRINCE

Actually, I had to sit close to someone with a case of the stinkies in church; You can imagine my suffering each time the pastor asked us to give glory. Most of us have that one friend that has body odor, most of the time it’s not their faults, they don’t know. Well, here are some sure home remedies to this embarrassment.

What causes body odour?

Here’s a brief lesson in the science of sweat: The eccrine glands, which are located on almost every part of the body, produce body cooling sweat that’s mostly water. Think of it as nature’s little air conditioning system. The apocrine glands, which are located in the armpits and in the groin (among other areas), produce sweat that performs a number of functions, one of which is to work as a kind of waste removal system that offloads microscopic bits of fat and other matter. The sweat from the apocrine glands is the big problem with body odor. Bacteria feed on the fats and other secretions, and their waste products produce that distinctive fetid aroma that announces your presence before you enter a room. You’ll notice after a vigorous workout that your sweat smells OK, not great, but at least clean and healthy. Wait a couple of hours and the bacterial feeding frenzy that ensues will transform your healthy smelling sweat into something pretty foul.The strength of the odor a person produces depends on how much sweat his or her glands secrete as well as the number of bacteria on the skin. People with strong underarm odors carry two to three times as much underarm bacteria as other people. The best way to prevent body odor is to wash away sweat and bacteria thoroughly and regularly.

Foods rich in the amino acid carnitine (found in beef and pork) are known to leave residues in the intestines which have to be worked on by the natural digestive flora.Specific enzymes known as flavin monooxygenases break the residues down to an odorless state ready for excretion. If they are in poor supply, missing, or bowel flora is disturbed, a “fishy” body odor can result.

Use Vinegar to Get Rid of Body Odor

For the same reason which makes witch hazel a good remedy for body odor, vinegar too can be used to get yourself rid of your body smell. Vinegar can also lower the pH level of your skin so that you feel fresh for the whole day without worrying about your body odor. You can use vinegar in more than one ways.

Ways to use white vinegar for body odor

*Soak a cotton ball in white vinegar and apply to your underarms.

*Store vinegar in a sprayer and spray it under your arms after having bath. Don’t use any deodorant after using vinegar.

*Dilute some white vinegar in a mug of water while having bath and rinse your underarms with this water.

*Don’t use vinegar just after shaving as this may burn your already abrased skin.

However, many people may not get the benefit of vinegar while they try to remove their body odor. They may use lemon juice for body odor which is our next natural remedy.

Apply Lemon Juice to Remove Body Odor

Just like vinegar and witch hazel, lemon juice lowers your skin’s pH level making it difficult for odor producing bacteria to survive. Moreover, lemon can be used by even those who have sensitive skin that can’t tolerate even vinegar.

Get this:

Lemon- 1, cut into two halves

Cotton ball (optional)

Water (optional)- ½ – 1 cup

Do this:

*Take one half of the lemon and rub it under your arms, one by one, squeezing its juice on to your skin. Store the other half of the lemon to be used later.

*Alternatively, you can squeeze the juice out of the lemon and apply this juice to your underarms with the help of a cotton ball.

*If you do not like the super acidic nature of lemon or you only have mild body odor, you can dilute lemon juice in water and rinse your underarms with it.

*Lemon juice also stings when used after shaving. So better shave the nigh before to give a long gap between shaving and applying lemon juice on skin.

Baking Soda – Lime Juice Mixture for Body Odor

Some people sweat a little but then also suffer from body odor. For them vinegar or lime juice alone can work. There are some other people who sweat a lot and also have body odor. For such people, combining baking soda with lime juice can be a fantastic remedy for their body odor. Baking soda not only helps absorb sweat but also eliminate bacteria and act as a natural deodorant. This makes it eligible for using all by itself too! However, here I give you the way of using baking soda with lemon juice.

Get this:

*Lemon juice- from half or 1 lemon

*Baking soda- enough to make paste

Do this:

Before having bath, mix lemon juice with baking soda to make a paste.

*Apply this paste to your underarms.

*Leave for about 5-10 minutes.

*Wash off with water.

Now have bath.

Tomato Juice Bath for Body Odor

Tomato is considered to be a natural antiseptic and it can kill an extensive range of bacteria. Ancient Indian medicine, Ayurveda, has long used tomato juice as the remedy for body odor. It recommends using tomato juice in bath water. However, many modern herbalists recommend having tomato juice internally too for getting rid of body odor. They recommend drinking tomato juice three times a day. Here is how you can use tomato juice for bath water.

Get this:

*Tomatoes- 8-10

*Sieve

*Water- 1 bucket

Do this:

*Crush the tomatoes to get their pulp

*Using sieve, extract the juice out of tomato pulp.

*Add this tomato juice to a bucket full of water.

Bathe with this water. If you need morewater for bath, increase the quantity of tomatoes.

Unscented Liquid Alum Deodorant for Body Odor

Many people do not like using scented deodorants but they still want to use them just to get rid of their body odor. You need not do this now. There is this ingredient, alum, which can help you make such unscented deodorant.

Get this:

*Alum powder- 4 tsp

*Baking soda- 2 tsp

*Rubbing alcohol- 225 ml

Do this:

*Mix alum, baking powder and rubbing alcohol.

*Store in a spray bottle.

*Use when needed.

Diet Remedies for Body Odor

Diet is of utmost importance, even when it comes to body odor. What you eat will define how you smell. So, you might need to omit certain foods while include another in your diet to get rid of body odor. Here are some suggestions for you to consider when changing diet habits for controlling body odor.

1.) Drink lots of water. This helps in eliminating toxins from your body so that you do not smell bad.

Have balanced diet complete with all groups of food- protein, whole grains, fish or lean poultry, pulses, healthy fats, fresh fruits and vegetables.

2.) Limit consumption of fried meat. Foods that doesn’t digest easily or completely tend to produce toxins in body.

3.) Avoid process foods. Refined sugar, white flour and fats etc. found in junk foods will lead you to many health conditions including body odor.

4.) Don’t have much of spicy food. While onion and garlic are beneficial for health, overeating them can lead to body odor.

5.) Avoid caffeinated beverages, tea, coffee, colas and alcohol.

6.) Avoid any fried food that has been made in rancid oil.

7.) Have high fiber diet and avoid those with low fiber content.

8.) Include such herbs in your diet as coriander, parsley, oregano, mint.

9.) Tobacco causes body odor. Quit smoking and stop using tobacco in any form.

Lifestyle Remedies for Body Odor

Sometimes we need to change just some of our habits to get rid of body odor. While diet is really important, if you are having it right then before adopting any home remedy or visiting doctor for body odor treatment, you need to check on your lifestyle. Here are some tips on cleanliness, hygiene and other habits that can help you in fighting with your body odor.

1.) Bathe daily at least once in a day. Don’t use harsh soaps. Also don’t use soap for longer. If possible, use soaps with natural ingredients.

2.)Do not wear unwashed clothes. Always wash your clothes once you have used them.

3.) Closed feet in shoes that are there for long time can give rise to bacteria and fungi leading to odor. Do not wear tight shoes. Also avoid wearing shoes for longer. Try wearing open sandals too.

4.) Remove unwanted hair from armpit and other body parts where you get more sweat. Hair traps sweat and are breeding grounds for bacteria.

5.) Manage your stress and anger. They lead to more production of sweat.

6.) Keep yourself dry. Moist body promotes growth of bacteria. Dry the skin fold properly after bath or when you wash them.

7.) Wear breathable clothing to avoid trapping of sweat and moisture.

If you maintain proper hygiene and follow the rule of balanced diet, you may not need the help of home remedies for body odor. If, however, you need to use home remedies and then also don’t get rid of body odor, visit your doctor to rule out any chance of some serious medical condition.

GENERAL RESEARCH

MORINGA: HEALTH BENEFITS

on December 26, 2025 by PRINCE

I am a big fan of extracting substance from ancient wisdom and practices, for present and future application; because why reinvent the wheel, right? Until now, various longitudinal studies have confirmed that Moringa is a natural energy booster, strengthens the immune system, has antibiotic properties, cures headaches, migraines, asthma, and ulcers, reduces arthritic pains and inflammations and restricted tumor growths. Nutritionists say the Moringa plant has more iron than “Kontonmire”. Amazingly, the leaves of this extraordinary tree contain 7 times the vitamin C found in oranges, 4 times the calcium in milk, 4 times the vitamin A in carrots, 2 times the protein of yogurt, 25 times the iron in spinach, and 3 times the potassium in bananas!

*In the field of medicine, it has been found out that Moringa can help to prevent common killer diseases like hypertension and diabetes and has become the poor man’s prophylaxis against malaria and some common ailments.

*Moringa can also detoxify the body given its ability to purify water by attaching itself to impurities and harmful bacteria and allowing them to be expelled as a waste.

*There is a growing global interest in the use of Moringa to address malnutrition because it is readily available and inexpensive. In Africa, it has become popular as a locally produced nutritional supplement for individuals infected with the Human Immuno-deficiency Virus (HIV)/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) virus. Nursing mothers have shown to produce far more milk and malnourished children gained more weight after the leaves were added to their diets.

Phytochemical Composition.

Moringa oleifera provides a rare combination of zeatin(a potent antioxidant), quercetin (a flavonoid known for its ability to neutralize free radicals and relieve inflammation), beta-sitosterol (a nutrient superstar that blocks cholesterol formation or build-up and is an anti-inflammatory agent for the body), caffeoylquinic acid (another powerful anti-inflammatory compound), and kaempferol(a key nutrient that promotes healthy body cellular function). All in all, enzymatically active and bioavailable moringa oleifera provides 36 natural anti-inflammatory agents. Free radical damage caused by electron-seeking, highly reactive, oxidative molecules has been identified as the source of many maladies through mechanisms such as inhibition of telomerase, changes to cellular permeability and DNA damage. Further, it has been established that moringa oleifera contains 46 different antioxidants. This “miracle tree” is able to provide all of the amino acids required by the human body. Protein is needed not only for the structural components such as muscle and tissues, but neurotransmitters, hormones, enzymes and immunoglobulins as well. There are various nutrients that can have a beneficial effect on enhancing immune system function and Moringa oleifera certainly qualifies in this category due to the ability to provide several of these phytonutrients.

Moringa is also used to reduce swelling, increase sex drive (as an aphrodisiac), and boost the immune system. Some people use it as a nutritional supplement or tonic. Moringa is sometimes applied directly to the skin as a germ-killer or drying agent (astringent). It is also used topically for treating pockets of infection (abscesses), athlete’s foot, dandruff, gum disease(gingivitis), snakebites, warts, and wounds.

Side Effects and Precautions:

Moringa is POSSIBLY SAFE when taken by mouth and used appropriately. The leaves, fruit, and seeds might be safe when eaten as food. However, it’s important to avoid eating the root and its extracts. These parts of the plant may contain a toxic substance that can cause paralysis and death. Although moringa has been used safely in doses of up to 6 grams daily for up to 3 weeks, there isn’t enough information to conclude on the safety of moringa in medicinal quantities.

Pregnancy and breast-feeding: It’s LIKELY UNSAFE to use the root, bark or flowers of moringa if you are pregnant. Chemicals in the root, bark, and flowers can make the uterus contract, and this might cause a miscarriage. There is not enough information available about the safety of using other parts of moringa during pregnancy. Stay on the safe side and avoid use.

Moringa is sometimes used to increase breast milk production. Some research suggests it might do this, however, there isn’t enough information to know if it is safe for the nursing infant. Therefore, it is best to avoid moringa if you are breast-feeding.

GENERAL RESEARCH

OKPA: EASTERN DELICACY

on December 24, 2025 by PRINCE

Anyone who has been to Enugu (or Nuskka precisely) cannot deny having come across this meal. You see it on the heads of young women, or in their wheelbarrows early in the mornings, brimming with steam and tantalizing the nasal cavity. I remember back in the day in the Lions’ den, okpa was a major delicacy. A sure cure to hunger, palatable with minerals, tea and bread or just like that on the go. At Eni-Njoku hostel particularly, I remember boys lining up before the okpa seller early in the morning before lectures just to treat their tummies to the Nsukka delicacy. Yes, it did originate from there. Well, either that or they prepared it enviably well. I always knew by virtue of my profession that it is a very rich food especially it’s amino acid profile. Now, I want to introduce this Eastern Nigerian delicacy formally with a hint into everything it has to offer, good and bad.

Brief Overview

The Bambara nut seed consist of 49%-63.5% carbohydrate, 15%-25% protein, 4.5%-7.4% fat, 5.2%-6.4% fiber, 3.2%-4.4% ash and 2% mineral compared to whole fresh cow milk 88% moisture, 4.8% carbohydrate, 3.2% proteins, 3.4% fat, 0.7% ash, and 0.01% cholesterol. Its chemical composition is comparable to that of soybean. Furthermore, BGN has been reported to be a potential crop, owing to its nutritional composition, functional properties, antioxidant potential, and a drought resistant crop. Bambara groundnut milk (BGNM) had been rated higher in acceptability than milk from other legumes like soybean and cowpea. Probiotics have been defined as live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amount confer a health benefit on the host. These benefits have been reported to be therapeutic, suppressing the growth and activity in conditions like infectious diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, and inflammatory bowel disease. The probiotic profile of BGNM is substantial enough to sustain the growth of normal flora in the gut. BGNs are normally boiled and salted, eaten as a relish or roasted, or as a snack. Hence, BGNM can also be fermented with lactic acid bacteria to make a probiotic beverage that not only increase the economic value of the nutritious legume but also help in addressing malnutrition.

1.) Reduces danger of stomach cancer

The antioxidant properties of the fatty acids in the Bambara groundnuts have the capacity to suppress the production of carcinogenic substances in the stomach. Further, it prevents any damage or irritation to the mucus lining of the stomach.

2.) Antimicrobial action

Bambara groundnut milk is more easily acceptable as compared to the milk from other legumes in its species due to its probiotic content. Probiotics are microorganisms, which have been claimed to provide health benefits to the humans and animals. These benefits to the recipients are subduing the development and action of the microbes in infection such as IBS (irritable bowel syndrome), diarrhea, and IBD (inflammatory bowel disease).

3.) Rich source of lysine

The human body cannot produce lysine; hence, it has to be dependent on external supplements of the same. Bambara groundnut is generously gifted with this essential amino acid.

4.) Lowers Cholesterol

Lysine is an essential element which aids in ensuring proper growth and plays a very important role in the manufacture of carnitine. Carnitine, in turn, is a nutrient responsible for the breakdown of fatty acids to provide energy to the body, thereby lowering cholesterol levels.

5.) Maintains Healthy Bone

Lysine also aids in the absorption of calcium for the proper growth of the bones in the body. Further, Bambara groundnuts have been found to contain a decent amount of calcium itself! Additionally, the high amino acid content of the nut helps in the generation of collagen, which is essential for connective tissue formation, such as tendon, skin, cartilages and bones.

6.) Fights Kwashiorkor

Bambara-nut plays is an important source of protein nourishment in rural areas and impoverished communities. This helps forestall Kwashiorkor, a protein deficiency commonly seen in malnourished children.

RECENT RESEARCH ON EXTRACTS OF BAMBARA NUT

*The extract from the nut of Voandzeia subterranean particularly the protein extracts can be used directly in cosmetic formulations and provides specific properties and notable particular effects. The nut can be used quite freely to replace the high-prized lumps of meat without sacrificing adequate nutrition.

*The fatty acid present in the nut oil is among the essential fatty acids needed in the body. These fatty acids are primarily cofactors for hormone-like substance which regulate a wide range of bodily functions. The nut also contain tannin which is one of the anti-nutritional factors. The unique properties and composition of Bambara nut make it serve as a balanced food which contains almost all the vital nutrients that promotes good health.

*These fatty acids are used to produce hormone like substances that regulate wide range of functions. They regulate blood pressure, blood clothing and blood lipid level and inflammation response to injury infections. Therefore, they are essential in human diet since there are no synthetic mechanisms available for their production in the human body.

*Linoleic acid is one of the most important polyunsaturated fatty acids in human food of its ability to prevent distinct heart vascular disease. Research shows that bambara nut oil is predominantly made of the unsaturated palmitoleic acid, oleic acid, lineleic acid and caprylic acid. This predominance of the unsaturated fatty acids and high iodine value index indicate that oil from bambara nut of Nigeria is of unsaturated type.

Potential Constraints:

A.) Like most legume seeds, Vigna subterranea seeds contain antinutritional factors such as trypsin inhibitors, phytates and tannins, including condensed tannins in the seed coat. Tannin content is correlated with coat color, the cream-colored seeds containing less tannin than brown or black seeds. Tannins can be deleterious to livestock performance though they have beneficial nutritional properties in some cases (by-pass protein in ruminants, anthelminthic effect).

B.) The Vigna subterranea seed is reported to have higher antitryptic activity than soybean and the level of activity depends on the variety (landrace). Heat treatments such as boiling or roasting are usually effective in destroying trypsin inhibitors.

C.) Phytates are found in high proportions in Vigna subterranea seeds and are known to reduce cation availability (calcium particularly).

D.) Cooking and other forms of processing (e.g. soaking, milling, hulling, germination, fermentation) reduce the concentration of antinutritional factors. However, processing does not always increase the feeding value.

I know you must have learnt something new about our “okpa” Enugu delicacy.

MERRY CHRISTMAS!

GENERAL RESEARCH

Bitter Kola: Health Benefits

on December 23, 2025 by PRINCE

My mother and younger sister are religiously indulgent of bitter kola. I’ve tried severally to buy into this preference, but I just don’t get the delight they derive from this torture they relish so much. I asked my mother and she told me that apart from being an age long part of the Igbo snack regimen, it is also filled with healthful benefits. Let’s see a few of those, shall we:

In Nigeria (and West Africa), bitter kola is known as “Agbilu” or “Aki ilu” in Igboland, “Orogbo” in Yorubaland, and “Namijin goro” in Hausaland. Garcinia kola contains saponin, kolaviron (a natural biflavonoid), dimeric flavonoid, and lipase inhibitor all of which is believed to have many healing properties. Furthermore, it has shown to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties for treatment of several ailments.

An evergreen tree of up to thirty-three meters in height, Bitter Kola has thick slash and grayish-brown bark and buttressed trunk. It bears greenish-white flowers and orange-coloured fruit, carrying brown seeds embedded in the pulp.

Bitter Kola and Malaria:

Studies have shown that the chemical constituents in Bitter Kola have anti-malaria properties. This is because of its quinones and kolaviron contents which are found to have anti-malaria effects. The bark, the stem and the seed of Bitter Kola all contain anti-malaria properties.

Medicinal Significance:

Garcinia kola is used in many tropical countries to fight infectious diseases such as Aids and the Ebola virus. It has shown to posses anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antiviral properties.

Improves Lung Health:

Studies have also validated the century long practice of using Bitter Kola to treat chest colds. A study published in the Journal of Pulmonary Medicine shows that Bitter Kola improves lungs and respiratory functions by enlarging the alveolar ducts [a small air bag in the lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged with the blood] and improving the strength of the fibers in the lung tissue. This is attributed to Bitter Kola’s high antioxidant content.

Knee Arthritis especially in the Aged:

Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, characterized by pain, inflammation and limited movement in the joints, according to the National Institute of Health. The causes of osteoarthritis include joint injury, obesity and aging. Researchers have discovered that Bitter Kola has clinically significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects on patients with osteoarthritis.

Keeps the Pests Away:

Bitter Kola also serves as a snake and insect repellant. Researchers believe that the nut helps to expel dangerous snakes and destructive ants from your home. It can also be taken to detoxify the body system when food poisoning is suspected.

Bitter Kola Health Benefit for HIV:

Bitter kola is a potent antibiotic which could be efficacious in the treatment of HIV and AIDS. A researcher with the Nigeria Natural Medicine Development Agency (NNMDA), Mrs. Chinyere Nwokeke told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that bitter kola could be used in treating opportunistic infections associated with HIV. “Bitter kola is highly recommended in the treatment of HIV and AIDS because of its antibacterial, detoxification, and cleansing properties”, she said. Mrs Chinyere Nwokeke also said that the chemical Saponin in bitter kola is responsible for its cleansing effect. Saponin is mainly used as tonic for the liver, it enhances the functions of the liver and gall bladder.

Bitter Kola Health Benefit for Cold:

Bitter kola is often used to treat the symptoms of colds. It is suggested, in particular, for coughs and sneezing. Just grab a pod, peel and munch away! Careful not to do less than 6 hours before bedtime, as the caffeine would keep you up all night.

Bitter Kola Benefit for Male Fertility (Impotence) :

Garcinia kola, also called bitter kola is sometimes believed to cure impotence. Frequent taking of bitter kola boosts man performance in bed with a woman.

Bitter Kola Benefit for Immune System:

Bitter kola is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It can be used to prevent infections and viruses, especially in relation to the immune system.

Bitter Kola Benefit for Food Poisoning:

In many rural areas of Nigeria (and other parts of Africa), when food is suspected to be contaminated by bacteria or someone accidentally eats food poison, traditional healers often recommend the mastication of bitter kola immediately after eating. This usually prevent the development of any infection or poisoning. Herbalists even recommend the seed and the bark of bitter kola should be eaten together in cases where food poisoning is suspected, “it helps to detoxify the system“.

Bitter kola is not only anti-poison, it also has the ability to repel evil spirits according to traditional beliefs. As superstitious as this sounds, many (myself included) actually believe it works!

A word of caution:

A.) The side effects reported from the Garcinia kola use in this study were “weight loss”, “increase in sex drive” and “extended sleep” which many considered helpful to meet their individual and marital demands.

B.) Dr Bartholomew Brai, Nutritional Biochemist at the Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, said that bitter kola was used in the preparation of herbal drugs either as nourishment, supplement or herbal remedy.

Brai said, “If a patient on medication chews bitter kola, it will make the drugs ineffective. Aside this, I do not think bitter kola has any other side effect.

C.) If you take Garcinia kola and experience diarrhea, hives, irregular heartbeat or other signs of allergic reaction, discontinue use immediately and seek medical attention